Now we will look at the operation of nor gates and nand gates as universal gates nand gate as universal gate. Nandnand and nornor networks ee280 lecture 15 15 2 i. A low 0 output results only if all the inputs to the gate are high 1. Access method random on code area, sequential on data area. Andinvert bufferinvert a b c a b c f nand gates read chapter 7. On transformation of a logical circuit to a circuit with nand and nor gates only article pdf available in international journal of electronics and telecommunications 643. The nand boolean function has the property of functional completeness.
Some nand based flash disks, like msystems diskonchip products, use onchip drivers to deliver the benefits of both nand and nor technologies. Nand and nor gates are called as universal gates as they can be used to create all other logic gates. The analysis of nand nor logic diagrams to determine the output functions in andor logic is also made easier by the method. Proof for nor gates like nand gates, nor gates are socalled universal gates that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate.
Laboratory manual digital systems and logic design. So it is clear that during the operation of nand gate, the inputs are first going through and gate and after that, the output gets reversed, and we. Nand and nor implementation free download as pdf file. This diagram shows a cmos nand gate left, not gate and and gate right. In terms of hardware efficiency, how does the nand implementation compare to the aoi implementation. In digital electronics, a nand gate notand is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true. Oct 28, 2015 as mentioned earlier, a nand gate is one of the universal gates and can be used to implement any logic design. A nor gate is logically an inverted or gate implementation of not gate using nand not made by joining the inputs of a nor gate. How to draw a nand gate using only nor gates quora.
Nand flash density for any given lithography process, the density of the nand flash memory array will always be higher than nor flash. Nor implementation the nor operation is the dual of the nand operation the nor gate is another universal gate to implement any boolean function easy for or. Cse370, lecture 5 1 lecture 5 logistics hw1 due today hw2 available today, due wed 121 office hours this week. A 2input nand gate with both inputs tied together, or one input tied low, is an inverter and performs not. Twolevel digital circuit implementations using other gates.
Nands and nors are the most common basic logic circuit element in use because they are simpler to build than and and or gates, and. And or and not gates can be implemented using nand and nor gates. How the logic circuits can be designed using these gates. Implementation of not using nand gate a nand gate with single input acts like a not gate. Universal gates in digital electonics nand and nor. Nand 91sr012048l 2 introduction two main technologies dominate the nonvolatile flash memory market today. Half adder and full adder circuits using nand gates. Nor flash memory technology overview page 3 nor vs. As mentioned earlier, a nand gate is one of the universal gates and can be used to implement any logic design. How to implement a function using just nand or nor logic. In the case of hardware, the way the electronics works out the inversion is built in to the primitive gate. Very quickly, below are the symbols, boolean expression and truth table of nand and nor gates. Because we can implement any boolean function, which is in sum of products form by using nand gates alone.
The above drawn circuit is a 2input cmos nand gate. Therefore, a latch in nornor configuration with r and q on top gate, s and p on bottom gate corresponds to a latch in nandnand configuration with r and q on top gate, s and p on bottom gate. Nand readandwrite operations occur in bursts of 512 bytes, which is similar to how hard drives manage these operations. The analysis of nand nor logic diagrams to determine the output functions in and or logic is also made easier by the method. Nand nor implementation boolean algebra free 30day trial. A universal gate is a gate which can implement any boolean function without need to use any other gate type. How to implement a boolean function and verifying its logic using only nandnor logic gates. Nor flash was first introduced by intel in 1988, revolutionizing a market that was then dominated by eprom and eeprom devices. Place compensating inversion at inputs of and gate. Digital logic nand gate universal gate electrical technology. Random sequential easeofuse hardware easy easy complicated full system. For nand in the purely logical sense, see logical nand. So, what were going to do is start by pondering why this class of problem should be posed in the first place. Acknowledgement the presenter would like to thank and acknowledge for the adoption of slides from electrical and computer engineering, university of massachusetts amherst.
Logic design unit 7 multilevel gate circuits sauhsuan wu two of the most commonly used circuits are the nand nand and the nor nor procedure for designing a min 2level nand nand circuit find a minimum sop for f draw the corresponding twolevel and or circuit replacing all gates with nand gates. Implementing logic functions using only nand or nor gates. Next, were going to look at this students particular poser in more detail, taking it to an initial and or solution. The command set resembles common spinor command set, modified to. Simplify the integration of nand into your mobile handset designs with microns nandcode suite of software for nand flashbased mcps and pops. A nand gate is made using transistors and junction diodes.
How a nand gate can be used to replace an and gate, an or gate, or an inverter gate. Nand and nor gates are easier to fabricate with electronic components and are the basic gates used in all ic digital logic families. Finally, he must create an implementation using only nand gates or only nor gates. Nor gate is a universal gate which can implement any kind of boolean logic function. Nand and nor are universal gates university of iowa. Implementing twolevel logic using nor gate requires the boolean expression to be in product of sum pos form. Discuss how nor gates can be used to perform the and, or and not logic operations. Pdf implementation of not, nand and nor gate mujtaba. The circuit of full adder using only nand gates is shown below.
Next, were going to look at this students particular poser in more detail, taking it to an initial andor solution. An algorithm to implement a boolean function using only nands or. The not gate is just a 1input nand, and the and is a nand followed by a not. Nor flash was first introduced by intel in 1988, revolutionizing a market that was. Aug 04, 2015 the above drawn circuit is a 2input cmos nand gate. Multilevel nand nor implementation of logical functions a. Now let us see how each logic gate can be created with nand and nor gates.
It is also an alternative to spinor, offering superior write performance and cost per bit over spinor. In the aoi implementation, identify and replace every and,or, and inverter gate with its nor equivalent. As it happens, if you have a collection of nand gates you are able to all of these. Now lets understand how this circuit will behave like a nand gate.
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Discuss how nand gates can be used to perform the and, or and not logic operations. Nand gates are available with three inputs 74ls10 and four inputs 74ls20. A nor gate is logically an inverted or gate implementation of not gate using nand not made by joining the inputs of. Furthermore, demorgans theorem tells you that, with inverted inputs, a nand gate becomes functionally an or gate. Multilevel nand nor implementation of logical functions. Nand read and write operations occur in bursts of 512 bytes, which is similar to how hard drives manage these operations. Combinational logic implementation implementations of two level logic. How to implement a boolean function and verifying its logic using only nand nor logic gates.
Wire and operate logic gates such as and, or, not, nand, nor, xor. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with aoi logic. Department of communication engineering, nctu 20 logic design unit 7 multilevel gate circuits sauhsuan wu two of the most commonly used circuits are the nand nand and the nornor procedure for designing a min 2level nandnand circuit find a minimum sop for f draw the corresponding twolevel andor circuit replacing all gates with nand gates. To implement a boolean function using nor gate, there are basically three step. Experiment 2 basic logic gates implementation using breadboards. Some nandbased flash disks, like msystems diskonchip products, use onchip drivers to deliver the benefits of both nand and nor technologies. Pdf a strategy to emulate nor flash with nand flash. Digital circuits are more frequently construct with nand or nor gates than with and and or gates. Similarly, we can implement any boolean function, which is in product of sums form by using nor gates alone. Jan 25, 2017 and or and not gates can be implemented using nand and nor gates. Pdf in the paper we consider fast transformation of a multilevel and multioutput circuit with and, or and not gates into a functionally. How a logic circuit implemented with aoi logic gates can be reimplemented using only nand gates. Pdf on transformation of a logical circuit to a circuit.
If we have nand logic then the parallel connection of transistor will increase the capacitance linearly increasing the delay. Pdf on transformation of a logical circuit to a circuit with nand. The nand gate represents the complement of the and operation. This article is about nand logic in the sense of building other logic gates using just nand gates. In practice, this is advantageous since nand and nor gates are economical and easier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all ic digital logic families. This means, any boolean expression can be reexpressed by an equivalent expression utilizing only nand operations. In product of sum form, 1st level of the gate is or gate and 2nd level of the gate is and gate. The nand only implementation allows us to only manipulate and worry about one kind of gate. The and gate implementation using three nor gates is shown in figure 6.
Cse 370 spring 1999 combinational implementation 35 abc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 s2 8. And or nand xor xnor gate implementation and applications. Nor function implementation nand gates can implement a simplified sumofproducts form. A strategy to emulate nor flash with nand flash article pdf available in acm transactions on storage 62 july 2010 with 123 reads how we measure reads. For example, the function notx may be equivalently expressed as nandx,x. Twolevel logic using nand gates twolevel logic using nand.
To show duality, i have deliberately chosen to replace q by p. A scheme for implementing multilevel nand nor network of a logical function is presented. Twolevel logic using nand gates twolevel logic using. Universal gate nand i will demonstrate the basic function of the nand gate. Nand gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces an output.
Basic electronics tutorials about universal logic gates and complete sets of logic to realise any other boolean function or logic gate with nand and not being. Dahai guo spring 2012 outline multilevel gate circuits nand and nor gates. The first part is an and gate and second part is a dot after it represents a not gate. In theory, the highest density nand will be at least twice the density of nor, for the same process technology and chip size. Wired logic does not consist of a physical gate but the wires behave as a logic function. The circuit output should follow the same pattern as in the truth table for different input combinations. Nand and and and nor are equivalent and both perform the andorinvert aoi function. During the compilation above, the quartus ii compiler was free to choose any pins. Sep 18, 2014 proof for nor gates like nand gates, nor gates are socalled universal gates that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate. A nand gate is preferred over a nor gate in implementing cmos logic because, the area occupied by the nor gate is larger and the associated capacitance is larger for nor gate, thereby exhibiting more delay for the circuit. That using a single gate type, in this case nand, will reduce the number of integrated circuits ic required to implement a. Implementation of and using nand gate as a nand gate is the invert of and so by putting an inverter on the output of nand we can have and gate. Nand flash memory provides high storage capacity, high performance, and low cost, but only nandcode software gives you the key to optimized performance. Nor gate is commercially used because it allows the access to wired logic,which is a logic function formed by connecting the outputs of nor gates.
A nand gate implementation requires addition of an inverter not gate at the output. Universal logic gates and complete sets electronicstutorials. In the field of digital electronic circuits, this implies that we can implement any boolean function using just nand gates. Nand and nor implementation and other two level implementation. If we want to perform n bit addition, then n number of 1 bit full adders should be used in the.
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